The objective of the study is to provide an assessment of the implementation of ESF monitoring and evaluation systems in the Member States for the 2014-2020 programming period and to make proposals on how to improve these systems for the post 2020 period. To this end, three assumptions are considered: a) the scope and delivery mechanism of the ESF remains unchanged, b) ESF is merged in a single fund encompassing most of the human capital activities of the EU, and c) ESF is implemented through conditional support.